A sad day for sports fans....
Serbia, Montenegro formally split in world basketball
Agence France-Presse
Posted date: August 29, 2006
TOKYO -- What had been left from the former Yugoslavia in the world of basketball ceased to exist on Tuesday as Serbia and Montenegro formally split after failing to defend the World Championship title.
World basketball governing body FIBA approved the Basketball Federation of Montenegro as its 213th member at a quadrennial world congress here.
The Basketball Federation of Serbia retains the place of the former Basketball Federation of Serbia and Montenegro as a member, FIBA said in a press release.
http://newsinfo.inq7.net/breakingnews/sports/view_article.php?article_id=17838
Tuesday, August 29, 2006
Serbia accuses U.N. envoy of bias
BELGRADE, Serbia, Aug. 29 (UPI) -- Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica on Tuesday accused a U.N. envoy of bias in favor of ethnic Albanians in the disputed province of Kosovo....
Kostunica has blamed [U.N. Kosovo envoy Martti] Ahtisaari for saying, "the Serbs are guilty as a people," and therefore the predominantly ethnic-Albanian province should become independent of Belgrade.
Ahtisaari has also said it was important to take into account the historical legacy of the former Serbian strongman Slobodan Milosevic, whose security forces reportedly persecuted ethnic-Albanians in Kosovo.
"Every nation in the world has a burden for which it has to pay," Ahtisaari said last week....
So, why are the Serbs the only group that always seems to be paying?
http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/view.php?StoryID=20060829-120150-5124r
BELGRADE, Serbia, Aug. 29 (UPI) -- Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica on Tuesday accused a U.N. envoy of bias in favor of ethnic Albanians in the disputed province of Kosovo....
Kostunica has blamed [U.N. Kosovo envoy Martti] Ahtisaari for saying, "the Serbs are guilty as a people," and therefore the predominantly ethnic-Albanian province should become independent of Belgrade.
Ahtisaari has also said it was important to take into account the historical legacy of the former Serbian strongman Slobodan Milosevic, whose security forces reportedly persecuted ethnic-Albanians in Kosovo.
"Every nation in the world has a burden for which it has to pay," Ahtisaari said last week....
So, why are the Serbs the only group that always seems to be paying?
http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/view.php?StoryID=20060829-120150-5124r
Friday, August 18, 2006
Sigh....Yet another negative Serb image....
I was all set to like James Hynes THE LECTURER'S TALE, a book about a failing academic at a prominent Midwestern research university (that sounds a great deal like my alma mater) who gets a new career boost when his reattached severed finger acquires the power to bend others' will to his own. I had read one of Hynes' earlier books, PUBLISH AND PERISH, in graduate school, and I loved his quick wit and his dead-on read of the petty, yet often brutal, politics of academe'. So, what's the problem? Should be a great read, right? Things were going along well, actually. Then, they introduced the character of Marko Kraljevic', intially, as a postmodern literary theorist who was in exile from Milosevic' regime. GREAT! I thought. Finally, someone is writing about those "other Serbs," the ones who did not support, condone or participate in Milosevic's policies and who paid steep penalties for their "lack of loyalty." Since I know such Serbs exist and have worked and studied with them, I was not shocked to see the character portrayed that way; it seemed a normal leap. My joy was not to be, however. Kraljevic' began acting more and more erratically as the book progressed, in homage, no doubt to his status as enfant terrible of pomo theory. THAT, I could have handled; I have known some weird theorists in my time, and some of them were European. What REALLY chapped my hide, though, was the ultimate, secret revelation: the man pretending to be Marko Kraljevic was really Slobodan Jamisovich, a Serbian war criminal known as Captain Dragan, the Butcher of Srebrenica. GIVE ME A BREAK, people!!! Is it just impossible for anyone in the Western hemisphere to admit that there is the slimmest possibility that maybe ONE Serb in the world was not directly responsible or a participant in the atrocities of the 1990's.? Must they ALL always be on Slobo's payroll, covertly or overtly? How many decades will have to pass before we can see "Serbs" as a diverse population of people, not a stereotype associated only with atrocities?
I thought about burning the book, but I have added it to my all-too-large collection of Serb stereotypes. I am thinking about cancelling my outstanding order for Hynes latest book in protest. A small gesture, but a fitting one, IMO; why reward him for continuing the work I am trying to undo?
I was all set to like James Hynes THE LECTURER'S TALE, a book about a failing academic at a prominent Midwestern research university (that sounds a great deal like my alma mater) who gets a new career boost when his reattached severed finger acquires the power to bend others' will to his own. I had read one of Hynes' earlier books, PUBLISH AND PERISH, in graduate school, and I loved his quick wit and his dead-on read of the petty, yet often brutal, politics of academe'. So, what's the problem? Should be a great read, right? Things were going along well, actually. Then, they introduced the character of Marko Kraljevic', intially, as a postmodern literary theorist who was in exile from Milosevic' regime. GREAT! I thought. Finally, someone is writing about those "other Serbs," the ones who did not support, condone or participate in Milosevic's policies and who paid steep penalties for their "lack of loyalty." Since I know such Serbs exist and have worked and studied with them, I was not shocked to see the character portrayed that way; it seemed a normal leap. My joy was not to be, however. Kraljevic' began acting more and more erratically as the book progressed, in homage, no doubt to his status as enfant terrible of pomo theory. THAT, I could have handled; I have known some weird theorists in my time, and some of them were European. What REALLY chapped my hide, though, was the ultimate, secret revelation: the man pretending to be Marko Kraljevic was really Slobodan Jamisovich, a Serbian war criminal known as Captain Dragan, the Butcher of Srebrenica. GIVE ME A BREAK, people!!! Is it just impossible for anyone in the Western hemisphere to admit that there is the slimmest possibility that maybe ONE Serb in the world was not directly responsible or a participant in the atrocities of the 1990's.? Must they ALL always be on Slobo's payroll, covertly or overtly? How many decades will have to pass before we can see "Serbs" as a diverse population of people, not a stereotype associated only with atrocities?
I thought about burning the book, but I have added it to my all-too-large collection of Serb stereotypes. I am thinking about cancelling my outstanding order for Hynes latest book in protest. A small gesture, but a fitting one, IMO; why reward him for continuing the work I am trying to undo?
Thursday, August 17, 2006
Once again, it's okay if THEY do it, but always suspect if the SERBS do it....why does nothing have an ulterior motive until Serbia tries it?
US warns against exploiting new warcrime claims in ex-Yugoslavia
Wed Aug 16, 6:10 PM ET
The United States warned against attempts to politically exploit newly surfaced allegations of warcrimes committed against Serbs in the former Yugoslavia.
The allegations relate to amateur video footage that emerged this month purportedly showing Bosnian Muslim and Croatian forces killing or harassing Serbs in August and September 1995.
Serb and Bosnian Serb leaders have demanded action against Bosnian Muslims and Croatians allegedly involved in atrocities committed during "Operation Storm", an offensive aimed at regaining territory held by Serb rebels during the 1992-1995 war.
The United States, which has been critical of Serbia for failing to hand over key Serb warcrimes suspects, welcomed the fact that Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian prosecutors had met last week to discuss the latest allegations.
"The United States condemns all war crimes committed during the wars in the former Yugoslavia, regardless of the ethnic or religious identity of the victim or perpetrator," a State Department spokesman said Wednesday.
"Atrocities were committed by all sides of the conflicts with varying levels of planning and organization, and we condemn any attempts to exploit these tragedies for political advantage," said the spokesman, Gonzalo Gallegos.
"Holding individuals accountable for these crimes, and moving beyond collectivization of guilt of entire groups, is vital to ensuring stability, security and reconciliation in the region," he said.
One of the videos, which surfaced last week, allegedly showed Atif Dudakovic, the former commander of the Bosnian Muslim army's 5th Corps, telling his troops to "torch" Serb villages in September 1995.
A separate video released days earlier allegedly depicts members of the Croatian army's Black Mamba unit and Bosnian Muslim forces killing and harassing Serb refugees in August 1995.
Dudakovic denied the allegations and Croatian President Stipe Mesic accused the Serbian government of exploiting the footage to deflect attention from war crimes committed by Serbs and its failure to track down the two top fugitives, former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic and his military chief, Ratko Mladic.
The emergence of the videos, Mesic said, was Belgrade's "attempt, probably for the Serbian public, to share the guilt and crimes".
Sulejman Tihic, the current holder of Bosnia's rotating presidency, also accused Serb leaders of seeking political gain from the issue.
"If they are truly committed to processing war criminals, let them prove so by arresting Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic, because they have been hiding and financing them for 11 years," said Tihic.
Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse
http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20060816/pl_afp/warcrimesbosniaserbia_060816221031
US warns against exploiting new warcrime claims in ex-Yugoslavia
Wed Aug 16, 6:10 PM ET
The United States warned against attempts to politically exploit newly surfaced allegations of warcrimes committed against Serbs in the former Yugoslavia.
The allegations relate to amateur video footage that emerged this month purportedly showing Bosnian Muslim and Croatian forces killing or harassing Serbs in August and September 1995.
Serb and Bosnian Serb leaders have demanded action against Bosnian Muslims and Croatians allegedly involved in atrocities committed during "Operation Storm", an offensive aimed at regaining territory held by Serb rebels during the 1992-1995 war.
The United States, which has been critical of Serbia for failing to hand over key Serb warcrimes suspects, welcomed the fact that Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian prosecutors had met last week to discuss the latest allegations.
"The United States condemns all war crimes committed during the wars in the former Yugoslavia, regardless of the ethnic or religious identity of the victim or perpetrator," a State Department spokesman said Wednesday.
"Atrocities were committed by all sides of the conflicts with varying levels of planning and organization, and we condemn any attempts to exploit these tragedies for political advantage," said the spokesman, Gonzalo Gallegos.
"Holding individuals accountable for these crimes, and moving beyond collectivization of guilt of entire groups, is vital to ensuring stability, security and reconciliation in the region," he said.
One of the videos, which surfaced last week, allegedly showed Atif Dudakovic, the former commander of the Bosnian Muslim army's 5th Corps, telling his troops to "torch" Serb villages in September 1995.
A separate video released days earlier allegedly depicts members of the Croatian army's Black Mamba unit and Bosnian Muslim forces killing and harassing Serb refugees in August 1995.
Dudakovic denied the allegations and Croatian President Stipe Mesic accused the Serbian government of exploiting the footage to deflect attention from war crimes committed by Serbs and its failure to track down the two top fugitives, former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic and his military chief, Ratko Mladic.
The emergence of the videos, Mesic said, was Belgrade's "attempt, probably for the Serbian public, to share the guilt and crimes".
Sulejman Tihic, the current holder of Bosnia's rotating presidency, also accused Serb leaders of seeking political gain from the issue.
"If they are truly committed to processing war criminals, let them prove so by arresting Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic, because they have been hiding and financing them for 11 years," said Tihic.
Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse
http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20060816/pl_afp/warcrimesbosniaserbia_060816221031
Monday, August 14, 2006
Milosevic's millions remain unclaimed
Belgrade - Serbia's former ruler Slobodan Milosevic was worth about R78-million, but no heir has yet laid claim to his assets, it was reported today. Milosevic owned property in an elite area of Belgrade and his combined property is worth slightly over d9-million.However, none of Milosevic's inheritors have appeared to claim the riches, a court in Belgrade said, according to the daily Press.None of Milosevic's close family members reside in Serbia. His wife, Mirjana Markovic, is wanted by the Serbian judiciary in connection with an abuse of power case and is believed to be in Russia.Milosevic's son, Marko, also reputed to have accumulated great wealth during the rule of his father, is also believed to be in Russia.His daughter, Marija, lives in Montenegro.Milosevic, on trial for war crimes at the UN International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, died in March of heart failure while in the detention unit of the court.- Sapa-DPA Published on the web by Star on August 14, 2006.
© Star 2006. All rights reserved.
http://www.thestar.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=3390399
Belgrade - Serbia's former ruler Slobodan Milosevic was worth about R78-million, but no heir has yet laid claim to his assets, it was reported today. Milosevic owned property in an elite area of Belgrade and his combined property is worth slightly over d9-million.However, none of Milosevic's inheritors have appeared to claim the riches, a court in Belgrade said, according to the daily Press.None of Milosevic's close family members reside in Serbia. His wife, Mirjana Markovic, is wanted by the Serbian judiciary in connection with an abuse of power case and is believed to be in Russia.Milosevic's son, Marko, also reputed to have accumulated great wealth during the rule of his father, is also believed to be in Russia.His daughter, Marija, lives in Montenegro.Milosevic, on trial for war crimes at the UN International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, died in March of heart failure while in the detention unit of the court.- Sapa-DPA Published on the web by Star on August 14, 2006.
© Star 2006. All rights reserved.
http://www.thestar.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=3390399
Time to re-think
14 August 2006 William Montgomery
In late 1989 or early 1990, the Central Intelligence Agency produced an analysis of the former Yugoslavia which was in retrospect, exactly on target. It predicted that the country would break up into different states, almost certainly accompanied by significant violence.
This was not welcome news in Washington. Former President Bush strongly believed that Mikhail Gorbachov was a vital positive force that needed to remain in full control of the Soviet Union. He believed that the breakup of the Soviet Union would unleash forces of anarchy and the potential for significant proliferation of nuclear weapons. He and those around him believed that the breakup of the former Yugoslavia would set a bad precedent for the Soviet Union. Secondly, they were legitimately worried about the potential of violence in any breakup. They had no stomach and no interest in any military actions in Europe in the period before the November, 1992 Presidential elections. The strong position emanating from the White House and senior State Department circles was that we did not want the breakup to happen. This coincided exactly with the views of the American Embassy in Belgrade, which not only did not want it to happen, they believed it could be prevented. The Embassy at the time put all of its “eggs” in one basket, the government of Prime Minister Ante Markovic. The Embassy believed that with our support, he could overcome the growing nationalistic tensions. So the CIA analysis was disregarded and the far more optimistic views and policy initiatives of the Embassy accepted. Consequently, all of the efforts of the United States government for the critical period in which the fate of Yugoslavia was sealed were directed at preventing its breakup. Having just arrived in Washington from serving in the Region and knowing the strength of the various independence and nationalist forces, it was clear to me that we were “betting on a losing horse.” It would have been far better to have accepted the inevitability of the breakup and focus all of our efforts on ensuring that it would happen peacefully. This was the best and perhaps only chance to prevent the whirlwind of violence which subsequently engulfed this region.
http://www.b92.net/eng/insight/opinions.php?nav_id=36126
14 August 2006 William Montgomery
In late 1989 or early 1990, the Central Intelligence Agency produced an analysis of the former Yugoslavia which was in retrospect, exactly on target. It predicted that the country would break up into different states, almost certainly accompanied by significant violence.
This was not welcome news in Washington. Former President Bush strongly believed that Mikhail Gorbachov was a vital positive force that needed to remain in full control of the Soviet Union. He believed that the breakup of the Soviet Union would unleash forces of anarchy and the potential for significant proliferation of nuclear weapons. He and those around him believed that the breakup of the former Yugoslavia would set a bad precedent for the Soviet Union. Secondly, they were legitimately worried about the potential of violence in any breakup. They had no stomach and no interest in any military actions in Europe in the period before the November, 1992 Presidential elections. The strong position emanating from the White House and senior State Department circles was that we did not want the breakup to happen. This coincided exactly with the views of the American Embassy in Belgrade, which not only did not want it to happen, they believed it could be prevented. The Embassy at the time put all of its “eggs” in one basket, the government of Prime Minister Ante Markovic. The Embassy believed that with our support, he could overcome the growing nationalistic tensions. So the CIA analysis was disregarded and the far more optimistic views and policy initiatives of the Embassy accepted. Consequently, all of the efforts of the United States government for the critical period in which the fate of Yugoslavia was sealed were directed at preventing its breakup. Having just arrived in Washington from serving in the Region and knowing the strength of the various independence and nationalist forces, it was clear to me that we were “betting on a losing horse.” It would have been far better to have accepted the inevitability of the breakup and focus all of our efforts on ensuring that it would happen peacefully. This was the best and perhaps only chance to prevent the whirlwind of violence which subsequently engulfed this region.
http://www.b92.net/eng/insight/opinions.php?nav_id=36126
So, it hasn't been proven, but it's okay to use it in the headline....
Bosnian president 'threatened' by US-based Serbs
Mon Aug 14, 10:32 AM ET
The Muslim member of Bosnia's tripartite presidency, Sulejman Tihic, has received a death threat in a letter allegedly from US-based Serb nationalists, his cabinet said.
The threat to assassinate Tihic, Bosnian Muslim war crimes convict Naser Oric, and both their children was contained in a letter bearing a postage stamp from the US city of Chicago, Tihic's cabinet said in a statement.
"You will be executed, both you and Naser Oric, and your children," the statement quoted the letter as saying.
It alleged the letter had been sent "by Serb nationalists", adding that Bosnian security services had been alerted about the matter.
On June 30, Oric, a former Muslim military chief, was sentenced to two years in prison by the UN war crimes court for failing to prevent his forces from mistreating and killing Serb prisoners.
But he was immediately released because he had already been in custody for more than three years.
UN war crimes prosecutors have since appealed against the sentence, saying it was insufficient.
Tensions have risen in Bosnia after the broadcast of footage last week showing another wartime Muslim commander, Atif Dudakovic, ordering his troops to burn down Serb villages during the country's 1992-1995 war.
The leaders of Bosnia's Serb entity, Republika Srpska, have since filed war crimes charges against Dudakovic, who lives in the other half of the country, the Muslim-Croat Federation.
Last Friday, the grave containing former Bosnian Muslim president Alija Izetbegovic was severely damaged in an explosion.
Izetbegovic, who died at the age of 78 in October 2003, is seen as a hero by most Muslims for leading Bosnia to independence in 1992, a move that triggered the three-and-a-half year conflict between Muslims, Serbs and Croats.
Upon his death, the UN war crimes tribunal said it had been investigating Serb allegations that Izetbegovic had committed war crimes during the Bosnian conflict, but no charges were ever pressed against him.
Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20060814/pl_afp/bosniapoliticsus_060814143211
Bosnian president 'threatened' by US-based Serbs
Mon Aug 14, 10:32 AM ET
The Muslim member of Bosnia's tripartite presidency, Sulejman Tihic, has received a death threat in a letter allegedly from US-based Serb nationalists, his cabinet said.
The threat to assassinate Tihic, Bosnian Muslim war crimes convict Naser Oric, and both their children was contained in a letter bearing a postage stamp from the US city of Chicago, Tihic's cabinet said in a statement.
"You will be executed, both you and Naser Oric, and your children," the statement quoted the letter as saying.
It alleged the letter had been sent "by Serb nationalists", adding that Bosnian security services had been alerted about the matter.
On June 30, Oric, a former Muslim military chief, was sentenced to two years in prison by the UN war crimes court for failing to prevent his forces from mistreating and killing Serb prisoners.
But he was immediately released because he had already been in custody for more than three years.
UN war crimes prosecutors have since appealed against the sentence, saying it was insufficient.
Tensions have risen in Bosnia after the broadcast of footage last week showing another wartime Muslim commander, Atif Dudakovic, ordering his troops to burn down Serb villages during the country's 1992-1995 war.
The leaders of Bosnia's Serb entity, Republika Srpska, have since filed war crimes charges against Dudakovic, who lives in the other half of the country, the Muslim-Croat Federation.
Last Friday, the grave containing former Bosnian Muslim president Alija Izetbegovic was severely damaged in an explosion.
Izetbegovic, who died at the age of 78 in October 2003, is seen as a hero by most Muslims for leading Bosnia to independence in 1992, a move that triggered the three-and-a-half year conflict between Muslims, Serbs and Croats.
Upon his death, the UN war crimes tribunal said it had been investigating Serb allegations that Izetbegovic had committed war crimes during the Bosnian conflict, but no charges were ever pressed against him.
Copyright © 2006 Agence France Presse.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20060814/pl_afp/bosniapoliticsus_060814143211
Thursday, August 10, 2006
And this is a shock WHY, exactly?
http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/index.cfm?fuseaction=viewItem&itemID=12778
- The Radical Party (SRS) is the top political organization in Serbia, according to a poll by Medijum Galup. 30.7 per cent of respondents would vote for the SRS in the next legislative ballot.
The Democratic Party (DS) is second with 23.7 per cent, followed by the Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS) with 14.7 per cent, New Serbia (NS) with 5.5 per cent, and the G-17 Plus with five per cent. Support is lower for the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), the Serbia Renewal Movement (SPO), the Strength of Serbia Movement (SS) and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).
The remnants of the Yugoslav Federation were transformed into Serbia and Montenegro in February 2003. On May 21, Montenegro voted to establish "an independent state with full international and legal subjectivity" in a referendum.
The Radicals are currently the biggest party in the Serbian National Assembly with 82 lawmakers, but were unable to form a government after the parliamentary ballot. In March 2004, a coalition administration headed by Vojislav Kostunica of the DSS was established with the support of 130 legislators. In the June 2004 presidential election, DS candidate Boris Tadic defeated SRS nominee Tomislav Nikolic in a run-off.
Last month, Kostunica said Serbia would oppose Kosovo’s independence, even if this stance proves counterproductive for the country’s European Union (EU) membership aspirations, adding, "Serbia will reject a solution that takes Kosovo away from Serbia and, very importantly, will continue to consider Kosovo part of its territory."
Polling Data
Which party would you vote?
Serbian Radical Party (SRS)
30.7%
Democratic Party (DS)
23.7%
Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS)
14.7%
New Serbia (NS)
5.5%
G-17 Plus
5.0%
Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS)
4.6%
Serbia Renewal Movement (SPO)
2.9%
Strength of Serbia Movement (SS)
2.1%
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
2.0%
Source: Medijum GalupMethodology: Interviews with 1,000 Serb adults, conducted from Jul. 16 to Jul. 21, 2006. No margin of error was provided.
http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/index.cfm?fuseaction=viewItem&itemID=12778
- The Radical Party (SRS) is the top political organization in Serbia, according to a poll by Medijum Galup. 30.7 per cent of respondents would vote for the SRS in the next legislative ballot.
The Democratic Party (DS) is second with 23.7 per cent, followed by the Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS) with 14.7 per cent, New Serbia (NS) with 5.5 per cent, and the G-17 Plus with five per cent. Support is lower for the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), the Serbia Renewal Movement (SPO), the Strength of Serbia Movement (SS) and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).
The remnants of the Yugoslav Federation were transformed into Serbia and Montenegro in February 2003. On May 21, Montenegro voted to establish "an independent state with full international and legal subjectivity" in a referendum.
The Radicals are currently the biggest party in the Serbian National Assembly with 82 lawmakers, but were unable to form a government after the parliamentary ballot. In March 2004, a coalition administration headed by Vojislav Kostunica of the DSS was established with the support of 130 legislators. In the June 2004 presidential election, DS candidate Boris Tadic defeated SRS nominee Tomislav Nikolic in a run-off.
Last month, Kostunica said Serbia would oppose Kosovo’s independence, even if this stance proves counterproductive for the country’s European Union (EU) membership aspirations, adding, "Serbia will reject a solution that takes Kosovo away from Serbia and, very importantly, will continue to consider Kosovo part of its territory."
Polling Data
Which party would you vote?
Serbian Radical Party (SRS)
30.7%
Democratic Party (DS)
23.7%
Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS)
14.7%
New Serbia (NS)
5.5%
G-17 Plus
5.0%
Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS)
4.6%
Serbia Renewal Movement (SPO)
2.9%
Strength of Serbia Movement (SS)
2.1%
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
2.0%
Source: Medijum GalupMethodology: Interviews with 1,000 Serb adults, conducted from Jul. 16 to Jul. 21, 2006. No margin of error was provided.
The GUARDIAN ran the same article, but look at THEIR headline:
New Bosnian war footage shows 'crimes' against Serbs
http://www.guardian.co.uk/yugo/article/0,,1840836,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=12
nice, huh? If it's Serbs, it can't really be true....
New Bosnian war footage shows 'crimes' against Serbs
http://www.guardian.co.uk/yugo/article/0,,1840836,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=12
nice, huh? If it's Serbs, it can't really be true....
Bosnian Muslim commander charged
SARAJEVO, Bosnia-Herzegovina (AP) -- Bosnian Serb leaders filed criminal charges Thursday against a wartime Muslim commander who allegedly appears in a video ordering the destruction of Serb homes in 1995 in western Bosnia in.
The Bosnian Serb ministate's President Dragan Cavic and Prime Minister Milorad Dodik jointly pressed criminal charges against Atif Dudakovic and submitted them to prosecutors in their half of the country, the state of Bosnia and in neighboring Croatia, the men said in a statement.
Footage -- first aired by Belgrade-based B92 television, then by Serbia's state television -- purportedly shows Bosnian Muslim and Croatian soldiers harassing and attacking Serb refugees fleeing a Croatian military offensive launched in August 1995 to retake contested territories from Serb rebels.
A man, who accused of being retired Bosnian Army Gen. Dudakovic, can be seen in the video ordering the destruction of Serb homes. Dudakovic said the footage was fabricated and accused Serbian TV stations of attributing false statements to him.
More than 200,000 Serbs fled during the offensive -- the biggest single exodus in the Balkan wars of the 1990s. Many of them crossed through parts of western Bosnia in search of safety, and more than a hundred were killed.
The footage outraged many Serbs, who often accuse the U.N. tribunal of bias against them and unwilling to investigate cases in which Serbs were victims.
"I can say with full moral responsibility that members of the Fifth Corps did not commit crimes. There may have been individual cases, but only individual," Dudakovic told Bosnian media.
Bosnian President Sulejman Tihic on Wednesday rejected accusations that a wartime Muslim commander committed atrocities against Serbs.
Bosnia's state prosecutors office said it was examining the tape.
The peace agreement that ended the 1992-95 Bosnian war left the country divided into a Bosnian Serb ministate and a Muslim Croat Federation.
Copyright 2006 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
Find this article at: http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/08/10/bosnia.charges.ap/index.html?section=cnn_latest
SARAJEVO, Bosnia-Herzegovina (AP) -- Bosnian Serb leaders filed criminal charges Thursday against a wartime Muslim commander who allegedly appears in a video ordering the destruction of Serb homes in 1995 in western Bosnia in.
The Bosnian Serb ministate's President Dragan Cavic and Prime Minister Milorad Dodik jointly pressed criminal charges against Atif Dudakovic and submitted them to prosecutors in their half of the country, the state of Bosnia and in neighboring Croatia, the men said in a statement.
Footage -- first aired by Belgrade-based B92 television, then by Serbia's state television -- purportedly shows Bosnian Muslim and Croatian soldiers harassing and attacking Serb refugees fleeing a Croatian military offensive launched in August 1995 to retake contested territories from Serb rebels.
A man, who accused of being retired Bosnian Army Gen. Dudakovic, can be seen in the video ordering the destruction of Serb homes. Dudakovic said the footage was fabricated and accused Serbian TV stations of attributing false statements to him.
More than 200,000 Serbs fled during the offensive -- the biggest single exodus in the Balkan wars of the 1990s. Many of them crossed through parts of western Bosnia in search of safety, and more than a hundred were killed.
The footage outraged many Serbs, who often accuse the U.N. tribunal of bias against them and unwilling to investigate cases in which Serbs were victims.
"I can say with full moral responsibility that members of the Fifth Corps did not commit crimes. There may have been individual cases, but only individual," Dudakovic told Bosnian media.
Bosnian President Sulejman Tihic on Wednesday rejected accusations that a wartime Muslim commander committed atrocities against Serbs.
Bosnia's state prosecutors office said it was examining the tape.
The peace agreement that ended the 1992-95 Bosnian war left the country divided into a Bosnian Serb ministate and a Muslim Croat Federation.
Copyright 2006 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
Find this article at: http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/08/10/bosnia.charges.ap/index.html?section=cnn_latest
How is it that, even when Serbs were the victims, the press still makes them sound as if they were guity of something?
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/wire/sns-ap-serbia-nazi-suspects,1,6320657.story
Serbia Urged to Extradite Nazi SuspectsBy MISHA SAVICAssociated Press Writer9:49 PM PDT, August 9, 2006BELGRADE, Serbia — A director of the Simon Wiesenthal Center urged Serbian authorities on Wednesday to seek the extradition of two Croatia-born men and try them for alleged World War II atrocities against Jews, Serbs and Gypsies. Efraim Zuroff, the Los Angeles-based center's chief Nazi hunter, met in Belgrade with President Boris Tadic and Justice Ministry officials, advising them to join efforts to bring to justice Ivo Rojnica and Milivoj Asner. The men served in Croatia's World War II Nazi puppet regime and allegedly took part in the prosecution and death camp deportations of hundreds of Jews, Serbs and Gypsies, Zuroff said. Although the men are not Serbian citizens and their alleged crimes were committed in the territory of present-day Croatia, the ethnicity of some of the victims "entitles Serbia to seek extradition" of Rojnica and Asner, living in Argentina and Austria, respectively, Zuroff said. Last year, Croatia indicted Asner for crimes against humanity and war crimes, but Austrian authorities failed to arrest the 92-year-old man. Croatia has since shown little resolve to press for the handover of Asner, or to seek extradition of Rojnica, 90, who is believed to be living in Buenos Aires, Zuroff said. "When it comes to the Second World War cases, in our attempts to see justice done it has always been important to consider the victim's origins and identity," he said. There was no immediate comment from Serbian officials. Rojnica is allegedly responsible for crimes committed against hundreds of Serbs, Jews and Gypsies in the southern city of Dubrovnik. Asner allegedly sent victims from the town of Slavonska Poega to a Croat-run death camp where most of them later died. "The passing of time does not diminish what those men did. If someone committed a war crime in 1941 or 1942 and if 60 years have passed and they were not brought to justice, it does not mean that person's responsibility is not the same today as it was then," said Zuroff, who spearheads "Operation: Last Chance," an effort to get Nazi suspects arrested and tried before they die. Tens of thousands of Jews, Serbs and Gypsies perished during the so-called Independent State of Croatia, which the Nazis set up when they invaded the former Yugoslavia in 1941 and encouraged ethnic violence among the country's diverse population. * __
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/wire/sns-ap-serbia-nazi-suspects,1,6320657.story
Serbia Urged to Extradite Nazi SuspectsBy MISHA SAVICAssociated Press Writer9:49 PM PDT, August 9, 2006BELGRADE, Serbia — A director of the Simon Wiesenthal Center urged Serbian authorities on Wednesday to seek the extradition of two Croatia-born men and try them for alleged World War II atrocities against Jews, Serbs and Gypsies. Efraim Zuroff, the Los Angeles-based center's chief Nazi hunter, met in Belgrade with President Boris Tadic and Justice Ministry officials, advising them to join efforts to bring to justice Ivo Rojnica and Milivoj Asner. The men served in Croatia's World War II Nazi puppet regime and allegedly took part in the prosecution and death camp deportations of hundreds of Jews, Serbs and Gypsies, Zuroff said. Although the men are not Serbian citizens and their alleged crimes were committed in the territory of present-day Croatia, the ethnicity of some of the victims "entitles Serbia to seek extradition" of Rojnica and Asner, living in Argentina and Austria, respectively, Zuroff said. Last year, Croatia indicted Asner for crimes against humanity and war crimes, but Austrian authorities failed to arrest the 92-year-old man. Croatia has since shown little resolve to press for the handover of Asner, or to seek extradition of Rojnica, 90, who is believed to be living in Buenos Aires, Zuroff said. "When it comes to the Second World War cases, in our attempts to see justice done it has always been important to consider the victim's origins and identity," he said. There was no immediate comment from Serbian officials. Rojnica is allegedly responsible for crimes committed against hundreds of Serbs, Jews and Gypsies in the southern city of Dubrovnik. Asner allegedly sent victims from the town of Slavonska Poega to a Croat-run death camp where most of them later died. "The passing of time does not diminish what those men did. If someone committed a war crime in 1941 or 1942 and if 60 years have passed and they were not brought to justice, it does not mean that person's responsibility is not the same today as it was then," said Zuroff, who spearheads "Operation: Last Chance," an effort to get Nazi suspects arrested and tried before they die. Tens of thousands of Jews, Serbs and Gypsies perished during the so-called Independent State of Croatia, which the Nazis set up when they invaded the former Yugoslavia in 1941 and encouraged ethnic violence among the country's diverse population. * __
Saturday, August 05, 2006
Article about currency solvency in the FRY during the 1990s--what is doing on a Zimbabwe website, I have no idea....points up how the catastrophic inflation in the country was poorly managed by the government....
What happens when a paper currency fails
Zimbabwe Independent
Date posted:Sat 5-Aug-2006
Date published:Sat 5-Aug-2006
By the early 1990s the government used up all of its own hard currency reserves and proceeded to loot the hard currency savings of private citizensBy Thayer WatkinsUnder Tito, Yugoslavia ran a budget deficit that was financed by printing money. This led to a rate of inflation of 15 to 25% per year. After Tito, the Communist Party pursued progressively more irrational economic policies. These policies and the breakup of Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia now consists of only Serbia and Montenegro) led to heavier reliance upon printing or otherwise creating money to finance the operation of the government and the socialist economy. This created the hyperinflation. By the early 1990s the government used up all of its own hard currency reserves and proceeded to loot the hard currency savings of private citizens. It did this by imposing more and more difficult restrictions on private citizens’ access to their hard currency savings in government banks. The government operated a network of stores at which goods were supposed to be available at artificially low prices. In practice these stores seldom had anything to sell and goods were only available at free markets where the prices were far above the official prices that goods were supposed to sell at in government stores. All of the government fuel stations eventually were closed and petrol was available only from roadside dealers whose operation consisted of a car parked with a plastic can of petrol sitting on the hood. The market price was the equivalent of US$8 per gallon. Most car owners gave up driving and relied upon public transportation. But the Belgrade transit authority (GSP) did not have the funds necessary for keeping its fleet of 1 200 buses operating. Instead it ran fewer than 500 buses. These buses were overcrowded and the ticket collectors could not get aboard to collect fares. Thus GSP could not collect fares even though it was desperately short of funds. Delivery trucks, ambulances, fire trucks and garbage trucks were also short of fuel. The government announced that fuel would not be sold to farmers for fall harvests and planting. Despite the government’s desperate printing of money it still did not have the funds to keep the infrastructure in operation. Potholes developed in the streets, elevators stopped functioning, and construction projects were closed down. The unemployment rate exceeded 30%. The government tried to counter the inflation by imposing price controls. But when inflation continued, the government price controls made the price producers were getting so ridiculously low that they simply stopped producing. In October of 1993 the bakers stopped making bread and Belgrade was without bread for a week. The slaughter houses refused to sell meat to the state stores and this meant meat became unavailable for many sectors of the population. Other stores closed down for inventory rather than sell their goods at the government mandated prices. When farmers refused to sell to the government at the artificially low prices the government dictated, government irrationally used hard currency to buy food from foreign sources rather than remove the price controls. The Ministry of Agriculture also risked creating a famine by selling farmers only 30% of the fuel they needed for planting and harvesting. Later the government tried to curb inflation by requiring stores to file paperwork every time they raised a price. This meant that many store employees had to devote their time to filling out these government forms. Instead of curbing inflation this policy actually increased inflation because the stores tended to increase prices by larger increments so they would not have file forms for another price increase so soon. In October of 1993 they created a new currency unit. One new dinar was worth one million of the "old" dinars. In effect, the government simply removed six zeros from the paper money. This, of course, did not stop the inflation.In November of 1993 the government postponed turning on the heat in the state apartment buildings in which most of the population lived. The residents reacted to this by using electrical space heaters which were inefficient and overloaded the electrical system. The government power company then had to order blackouts to conserve electricity. In a large psychiatric hospital 87 patients died in November of 1994. The hospital had no heat, there was no food or medicine and the patients were wandering around naked. Between October 1 1993 and January 24 1995 prices increased by five quadrillion percent. This number is a five with 15 zeros after it. The social structure began to collapse. Thieves robbed hospitals and clinics of scarce pharmaceuticals and then sold them in front of the same places they robbed. The railway workers went on strike and closed down Yugoslavia’s rail system. The government set the level of pensions. The pensions were to be paid at the post office but the government did not give the post offices enough funds to pay these pensions. The pensioners lined up in long lines outside the post office. When the post office ran out of state funds to pay the pensions the employees would pay the next pensioner in line whatever money they received when someone came in to mail a letter or package. With inflation being what it was, the value of the pension would decrease drastically if the pensioners went home and came back the next day. So they waited in line knowing that the value of their pension payment was decreasing with each minute they had to wait. Many Yugoslav businesses refused to take the Yugoslav currency, and the German deutsche mark effectively became the currency of Yugoslavia. But government organisations, government employees and pensioners still got paid in Yugoslav dinars so there was still an active exchange in dinars. On November 12 1993 the exchange rate was 1 DM: 1 million new dinars. Thirteen days later the exchange rate was 1 DM: 6,5 million new dinars and by the end of November it was 1 DM: 37 million new dinars. At the beginning of December the bus workers went on strike because their pay for two weeks was equivalent to only 4 DM when it cost a family of four 230 DM per month to live. By December 11 the exchange rate was 1 DM: 800 million and on December 15 it was 1 DM: 3,7 billion new dinars.The average daily rate of inflation was nearly 100%. When farmers selling in the free markets refused to sell food for Yugoslav dinars the government closed down the free markets. On December 29 the exchange rate was 1 DM: 950 billion new dinars. About this time there occurred a tragic incident. As usual, pensioners were waiting in line. Someone passed by the line carrying bags of groceries from the free market. Two pensioners got so upset at their situation and the sight of someone else with groceries that they had heart attacks and died right there. At the end of December the exchange rate was 1 DM: 3 trillion dinars and on January 4 1994 it was 1 DM: 6 trillion dinars. On January 6 the government declared that the German deutsche was an official currency of Yugoslavia. About this time the government announced a new "new" dinar which was equal to one billion of the old "new" dinars. This meant that the exchange rate was 1 DM: 6 000 new new dinars. By January 11 the exchange rate had reached a level of 1 DM: 80 000 new new dinars. On January 13 the rate was 1 DM: 700 000 new new dinars and six days later it was 1 DM: 10 million new new dinars.The telephone bills for the government operated phone system were collected by the postmen. People postponed paying these bills as much as possible and inflation reduced their real value to next to nothing. One postman found that after trying to collect on 780 phone bills he got nothing so the next day he stayed home and paid all of the phone bills himself for the equivalent of a few American pennies. Here is another illustration of the irrationality of the government’s policies: James Lyon, a journalist, made 20 hours of international telephone calls from Belgrade in December 1993. The bill for these calls was 1 000 new new dinars and it arrived on January 11. At the exchange rate for January 11 of 1 DM: 150 000 dinars it would have cost less than one German pfennig to pay the bill. But the bill was not due until January 17 and by that time the exchange rate reached 1 DM: 30 million dinars. Yet the free market value of those 20 hours of international telephone calls was about US$5 000. So despite being strapped for hard currency, the government gave Lyon US$5 000 worth of phone calls essentially for nothing. It was against the law to refuse to accept personal cheques. Some people wrote personal cheques knowing that in the few days it took for the cheques to clear, inflation would wipe out as much as 90% of the cost of covering those cheques. On January 24 1994 the government introduced the "super" dinar equal to 10 million of the new new dinars. The Yugoslav government’s official position was that the hyperinflation occurred "because of the unjustly implemented sanctions against the Serbian people and state".
Thayer Watkins, PhD, is an instructor and graduate adviser in the economics department of San Jose State University
http://www.zwnews.com/issuefull.cfm?ArticleID=14924
What happens when a paper currency fails
Zimbabwe Independent
Date posted:Sat 5-Aug-2006
Date published:Sat 5-Aug-2006
By the early 1990s the government used up all of its own hard currency reserves and proceeded to loot the hard currency savings of private citizensBy Thayer WatkinsUnder Tito, Yugoslavia ran a budget deficit that was financed by printing money. This led to a rate of inflation of 15 to 25% per year. After Tito, the Communist Party pursued progressively more irrational economic policies. These policies and the breakup of Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia now consists of only Serbia and Montenegro) led to heavier reliance upon printing or otherwise creating money to finance the operation of the government and the socialist economy. This created the hyperinflation. By the early 1990s the government used up all of its own hard currency reserves and proceeded to loot the hard currency savings of private citizens. It did this by imposing more and more difficult restrictions on private citizens’ access to their hard currency savings in government banks. The government operated a network of stores at which goods were supposed to be available at artificially low prices. In practice these stores seldom had anything to sell and goods were only available at free markets where the prices were far above the official prices that goods were supposed to sell at in government stores. All of the government fuel stations eventually were closed and petrol was available only from roadside dealers whose operation consisted of a car parked with a plastic can of petrol sitting on the hood. The market price was the equivalent of US$8 per gallon. Most car owners gave up driving and relied upon public transportation. But the Belgrade transit authority (GSP) did not have the funds necessary for keeping its fleet of 1 200 buses operating. Instead it ran fewer than 500 buses. These buses were overcrowded and the ticket collectors could not get aboard to collect fares. Thus GSP could not collect fares even though it was desperately short of funds. Delivery trucks, ambulances, fire trucks and garbage trucks were also short of fuel. The government announced that fuel would not be sold to farmers for fall harvests and planting. Despite the government’s desperate printing of money it still did not have the funds to keep the infrastructure in operation. Potholes developed in the streets, elevators stopped functioning, and construction projects were closed down. The unemployment rate exceeded 30%. The government tried to counter the inflation by imposing price controls. But when inflation continued, the government price controls made the price producers were getting so ridiculously low that they simply stopped producing. In October of 1993 the bakers stopped making bread and Belgrade was without bread for a week. The slaughter houses refused to sell meat to the state stores and this meant meat became unavailable for many sectors of the population. Other stores closed down for inventory rather than sell their goods at the government mandated prices. When farmers refused to sell to the government at the artificially low prices the government dictated, government irrationally used hard currency to buy food from foreign sources rather than remove the price controls. The Ministry of Agriculture also risked creating a famine by selling farmers only 30% of the fuel they needed for planting and harvesting. Later the government tried to curb inflation by requiring stores to file paperwork every time they raised a price. This meant that many store employees had to devote their time to filling out these government forms. Instead of curbing inflation this policy actually increased inflation because the stores tended to increase prices by larger increments so they would not have file forms for another price increase so soon. In October of 1993 they created a new currency unit. One new dinar was worth one million of the "old" dinars. In effect, the government simply removed six zeros from the paper money. This, of course, did not stop the inflation.In November of 1993 the government postponed turning on the heat in the state apartment buildings in which most of the population lived. The residents reacted to this by using electrical space heaters which were inefficient and overloaded the electrical system. The government power company then had to order blackouts to conserve electricity. In a large psychiatric hospital 87 patients died in November of 1994. The hospital had no heat, there was no food or medicine and the patients were wandering around naked. Between October 1 1993 and January 24 1995 prices increased by five quadrillion percent. This number is a five with 15 zeros after it. The social structure began to collapse. Thieves robbed hospitals and clinics of scarce pharmaceuticals and then sold them in front of the same places they robbed. The railway workers went on strike and closed down Yugoslavia’s rail system. The government set the level of pensions. The pensions were to be paid at the post office but the government did not give the post offices enough funds to pay these pensions. The pensioners lined up in long lines outside the post office. When the post office ran out of state funds to pay the pensions the employees would pay the next pensioner in line whatever money they received when someone came in to mail a letter or package. With inflation being what it was, the value of the pension would decrease drastically if the pensioners went home and came back the next day. So they waited in line knowing that the value of their pension payment was decreasing with each minute they had to wait. Many Yugoslav businesses refused to take the Yugoslav currency, and the German deutsche mark effectively became the currency of Yugoslavia. But government organisations, government employees and pensioners still got paid in Yugoslav dinars so there was still an active exchange in dinars. On November 12 1993 the exchange rate was 1 DM: 1 million new dinars. Thirteen days later the exchange rate was 1 DM: 6,5 million new dinars and by the end of November it was 1 DM: 37 million new dinars. At the beginning of December the bus workers went on strike because their pay for two weeks was equivalent to only 4 DM when it cost a family of four 230 DM per month to live. By December 11 the exchange rate was 1 DM: 800 million and on December 15 it was 1 DM: 3,7 billion new dinars.The average daily rate of inflation was nearly 100%. When farmers selling in the free markets refused to sell food for Yugoslav dinars the government closed down the free markets. On December 29 the exchange rate was 1 DM: 950 billion new dinars. About this time there occurred a tragic incident. As usual, pensioners were waiting in line. Someone passed by the line carrying bags of groceries from the free market. Two pensioners got so upset at their situation and the sight of someone else with groceries that they had heart attacks and died right there. At the end of December the exchange rate was 1 DM: 3 trillion dinars and on January 4 1994 it was 1 DM: 6 trillion dinars. On January 6 the government declared that the German deutsche was an official currency of Yugoslavia. About this time the government announced a new "new" dinar which was equal to one billion of the old "new" dinars. This meant that the exchange rate was 1 DM: 6 000 new new dinars. By January 11 the exchange rate had reached a level of 1 DM: 80 000 new new dinars. On January 13 the rate was 1 DM: 700 000 new new dinars and six days later it was 1 DM: 10 million new new dinars.The telephone bills for the government operated phone system were collected by the postmen. People postponed paying these bills as much as possible and inflation reduced their real value to next to nothing. One postman found that after trying to collect on 780 phone bills he got nothing so the next day he stayed home and paid all of the phone bills himself for the equivalent of a few American pennies. Here is another illustration of the irrationality of the government’s policies: James Lyon, a journalist, made 20 hours of international telephone calls from Belgrade in December 1993. The bill for these calls was 1 000 new new dinars and it arrived on January 11. At the exchange rate for January 11 of 1 DM: 150 000 dinars it would have cost less than one German pfennig to pay the bill. But the bill was not due until January 17 and by that time the exchange rate reached 1 DM: 30 million dinars. Yet the free market value of those 20 hours of international telephone calls was about US$5 000. So despite being strapped for hard currency, the government gave Lyon US$5 000 worth of phone calls essentially for nothing. It was against the law to refuse to accept personal cheques. Some people wrote personal cheques knowing that in the few days it took for the cheques to clear, inflation would wipe out as much as 90% of the cost of covering those cheques. On January 24 1994 the government introduced the "super" dinar equal to 10 million of the new new dinars. The Yugoslav government’s official position was that the hyperinflation occurred "because of the unjustly implemented sanctions against the Serbian people and state".
Thayer Watkins, PhD, is an instructor and graduate adviser in the economics department of San Jose State University
http://www.zwnews.com/issuefull.cfm?ArticleID=14924
Now, Montenegro has its own ambassador--an excellent opportunity for the NYT to compare/contrast poor, victimized, innocent Montenegro with big, bad brother Serbia. I don't see what the point is of such rhetoric, except to further drive home the image of Serbs as "bad":
As ambassador for Serbia and Montenegro, Mr. Kaludjerovic faced the United Nations Security Council on two thorny issues for Serbia: the potential independence of the Serbian province of Kosovo, and war crimes proceedings against Serbian officials at The Hague.
Serbia has been widely criticized as uncooperative with the trials. Though Mr. Kaludjerovic describes himself as a strong believer in full cooperation with the proceedings at The Hague, he said he stuck to the script provided by his superiors on the matter. “Being a professional and an ambassador, I asked for clear instructions from Belgrade and delivered those statements,” he said.
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/05/world/europe/05kalud.html
As ambassador for Serbia and Montenegro, Mr. Kaludjerovic faced the United Nations Security Council on two thorny issues for Serbia: the potential independence of the Serbian province of Kosovo, and war crimes proceedings against Serbian officials at The Hague.
Serbia has been widely criticized as uncooperative with the trials. Though Mr. Kaludjerovic describes himself as a strong believer in full cooperation with the proceedings at The Hague, he said he stuck to the script provided by his superiors on the matter. “Being a professional and an ambassador, I asked for clear instructions from Belgrade and delivered those statements,” he said.
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/05/world/europe/05kalud.html
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